The following notes are from this review paper written by Iñigo San-Millán. Enjoy!

Resting conditions (fatty acids & carbohydrates) — Transported — > mitochondria –> oxidized to Acetyl-CoA –> Posterior oxidation in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) <– This is called oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) –> creates Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy currency of the body.

The Krebs cycle: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, otherwise known as the Krebs cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that performs the essential function of oxidizing nutrients to support cellular bioenergetics.

Interesting note: Mitochondria are the production site for reactive oxygen species – signaling molecules needed for homeostasis.

“Hence, mitochondrial malfunctions will impact cellular bioenergetics, cellular function, and cellular homeostasis, making mitochondria a key player in health and disease.”

Works Cited: San-Millán I. The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(4):782. Published 2023 Mar 23. doi:10.3390/antiox12040782

Arnold PK, Finley LWS. Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle. J Biol Chem. 2023;299(2):102838. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102838